What is the tempo marking for the first movement of the Piano Sonata in C Minor?

The first movement of the Piano Sonata in C Minor, composed by Beethoven, is marked with a tempo indication that emphasizes a fast, vigorous character typical of the "Allegro" marking, combined with "grave," which signifies a weighty, serious feeling. This intense combination captures the dramatic opening that is characteristic of Beethoven's style during this period; it reflects a strong contrast between the energetic and the solemn elements in the piece. The choice of "Allegro to grave" effectively conveys the movement's fluctuations between lightness and depth, making it a fitting description for this section of the sonata.

Other options don't accurately reflect the specific character and tempo transitions intended for this movement. They either suggest tempos that do not correspond to the structure and emotional journey of the piece or refer to contrasting terms that do not align with the movement’s established thematic material.